It's FIXED! Here's how it happened.
I tried the knoppix DVD and it loaded and booted. Hooray! I was able to access my secondary hard drive (I have 2) and get the data backed up. But most of the stuff I really cared about was on the other drive, which wasn't showing up at all.
My neighbor, who works in IT, came over to help. He ran several boot discs and some tests and all signs were pointing to a fried hard drive. We took a quick break just before we were going to remove the drive so he could plug it into something to see if we could salvage the data. When I came back in the room, my laptop was completely booted, all my data was there, and even my desktop settings were still in place. It was like nothing ever happened. I actually thought my neighbor had fixed it and was messing with me, but he swears he didn't do anything after the last failed attempt.
So, in summary, we have no idea what fixed the problem. Maybe it resolved itself on its own or the discs we were trying jarred something and fixed it. I have everything backed up now. And I'm getting a new computer this weekend. Thanks for the help. I can't believe my story has a happy ending!
Re: Update on my BSoD
Hooray for happy endings! Even though Knoppix didn't actually *fix* your problem, I'm glad it was able to help out.
And yes, definitely keep making backups.
2011 AthensGAHalf official time: 2:33:31
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